2016年8月22日月曜日
Dirac equations (5)
In the Dirac representation (the standard representation)
\begin{align}
\alpha^{i } =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 & \sigma^{i } \\
\sigma^{i} & 0
\end{pmatrix} \; , \quad \beta =
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & 0 \\
0 & -1
\end{pmatrix} \; , \quad
\pmb{\gamma } =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 & \pmb{\sigma} \\
- \pmb{\sigma } & 0
\end{pmatrix}
\end{align}
and the boost a frame in the \( {\bf n} \) direction,
\begin{align}
S( \Lambda ) = \cosh{ \frac{\varphi}{2} } I - \pmb{\alpha } \cdot {\bf n} \sinh{ \frac{ \varphi }{2} }
\end{align}
Then making use of \( \cosh{ \varphi } = \gamma = \frac{\epsilon }{m} \) and \( \sinh{\phi} = \beta \gamma \),
\begin{align}
\cosh{ \frac{\varphi }{2} } & = \sqrt{ \frac{ \cosh{\varphi} + 1 }{2} } = \sqrt{ \frac{ \epsilon + m }{2m} } \\
\sinh{ \frac{\varphi }{2} } & = \sqrt{ \frac{ \cosh{\varphi} - 1 }{2} } = \sqrt{ \frac{ \epsilon - m }{2m} }
\end{align}
The boost transformation is
\begin{align}
S(\Lambda ) =
\begin{pmatrix}
\cosh{\varphi} & - \pmb{ \sigma } \cdot {\bf n} \sinh{\varphi } \\
- \pmb{ \sigma } \cdot {\bf n} \sinh{\varphi } & \cosh{\varphi }
\end{pmatrix} =
\begin{pmatrix}
\sqrt{ \frac{\epsilon + m}{2m} } & - \pmb{\sigma } \cdot {\bf n} \sqrt{ \frac{\epsilon - m}{2m} } \\
- \pmb{\sigma } \cdot {\bf n} \sqrt{ \frac{\epsilon - m}{2m} } & \sqrt{ \frac{\epsilon + m}{2m} }
\end{pmatrix}
\end{align}
Use \( (-1) \times {\bf n}' \) for boosting from the rest frame of a particle into the frame of an observer. Using \( \psi (x') = S( \Lambda) \psi (x) \), obtain the plane wave solutions.
I have still a question: the Dirac field \( \phi \) has the dimension \( [ \psi ] = L^{ 1/2 } \) and we can see from the commutation relation that \( [b_{\alpha } ] = [d_{\alpha }] = L^{1/2} \). Therefore, can we confirm that \( [u] = [v] = L^{0} \)? (If this is true, it is consistent.)
\begin{align}
\psi (x) & = \int \frac{ d {\bf k} }{ (2 \pi)^{3} } \frac{m }{ k_{0 } } \sum_{ \alpha = 1,2 } \left[ b_{\alpha } (k ) u^{ (\alpha ) } (k ) e^{- i k \cdot x} + d^{\dagger }_{\alpha } (k ) v^{ ( \alpha ) } (k) e^{ik \cdot x } \right] \\
\overline{ \psi } (x) & = \int \frac{ d { \bf k } }{ ( 2 \pi )^{3} } \frac{m }{ k_{0 } } \sum_{ \alpha = 1, 2 } \left[ b^{\dagger }_{ \alpha } (k ) \overline{u }^{ (\alpha ) } (k ) e^{ i k \cdot x} + d^{ }_{\alpha } (k ) \overline{v }^{ ( \alpha ) } (k) e^{- ik \cdot x } \right]
\end{align}
Anticommutation relations are
\begin{align}
\lbrace b_{\alpha }(q) , b^{ \dagger }_{\beta } (q' ) \rbrace & = (2 \pi)^{3} \frac{ k_{0} }{ m} \delta ( {\bf q} - {\bf q}' ) \delta_{\alpha \beta } \\
\lbrace d_{\alpha }(q) , d^{ \dagger }_{\beta } (q' ) \rbrace & = (2 \pi)^{3} \frac{ k_{0} }{ m} \delta ( {\bf q} - {\bf q}' ) \delta_{\alpha \beta }
\end{align}
and all other anticommutators give zero.
\begin{align}
\lbrace \psi_{\xi } (t, {\bf x}) , \psi^{\dagger }_{\eta } ( t , {\bf y} ) \rbrace = \delta_{ \xi \eta } \delta ( {\bf x} - {\bf y } )
\end{align}
\begin{align}
\lbrace \psi_{a} (x) , \overline{\psi}_{b } (x') \rbrace = (i \gamma^{\mu } \partial_{ \mu } + m )_{ab} i \Delta (x- x')
\end{align}
ラベル:
Physics
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